1.
Hudon M; Meyer C
Managing Complementary Currencies and the Blockchain Technology: A Conversation with Bernard Lietaer Journal Article
In: International Journal of Community Currency Research, vol. 25, iss. 2, pp. 1–14, 2021, ISBN: 1325-9547.
@article{Hudon2021,
title = {Managing Complementary Currencies and the Blockchain Technology: A Conversation with Bernard Lietaer},
author = {Marek Hudon and Camille Meyer},
url = {https://ijccr.net/vol-25-issue-2-pp-1-14/},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.15133/j.ijccr.2021.0011},
isbn = {1325-9547},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Community Currency Research},
volume = {25},
issue = {2},
pages = {1--14},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2.
Lietaer B; Belgin S M
Dinheiro para um mundo novo Journal Article
In: Piseagrama, vol. 10, pp. 52-61, 2017.
@article{Lietaer2017,
title = {Dinheiro para um mundo novo},
author = {Bernard Lietaer and Stephen M. Belgin},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2017-Dinheiro-para-um-mundo-novo-Lietaer-Belgin-annotated.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Piseagrama},
volume = {10},
pages = {52-61},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
3.
Lietaer B
Possibly Sharīah-Compatible global currency to stabilize the monetary system Journal Article
In: Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics, vol. 30, iss. 2, pp. 47-58, 2017, ISSN: 16584244.
@article{Lietaer2017a,
title = {Possibly Sharīah-Compatible global currency to stabilize the monetary system},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2017-Possibly-Shariah-Compatible-global-currency-to-stabilize-the-monetary-system-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.4197/Islec.30-2.4},
issn = {16584244},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics},
volume = {30},
issue = {2},
pages = {47-58},
abstract = {The international monetary system is structurally instable. Furthermore, all official currencies in the world today are created through bank debt, and therefore automatically involve interest. A systemic way to improve stability would be to diversify the types of currencies and the agents who create them. The proposed 'Trade Reference Currency' would be a global, purely digital currency, fully backed by a standardized basket of the major commodities in world trade such as oil, copper, gold, silver, coffee and cocoa. The storage costs of that basket would be covered by a demurrage fee paid by the bearer of the currency. Because it fits the existing legislations on countertrade (international barter), it would not require any new international agreements to start it. In addition to more stability for the whole system, this currency would also operate counter cyclically to the business cycle, realign financial interest with long-term thinking, and possibly be Shariáh-compatible.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The international monetary system is structurally instable. Furthermore, all official currencies in the world today are created through bank debt, and therefore automatically involve interest. A systemic way to improve stability would be to diversify the types of currencies and the agents who create them. The proposed 'Trade Reference Currency' would be a global, purely digital currency, fully backed by a standardized basket of the major commodities in world trade such as oil, copper, gold, silver, coffee and cocoa. The storage costs of that basket would be covered by a demurrage fee paid by the bearer of the currency. Because it fits the existing legislations on countertrade (international barter), it would not require any new international agreements to start it. In addition to more stability for the whole system, this currency would also operate counter cyclically to the business cycle, realign financial interest with long-term thinking, and possibly be Shariáh-compatible.
4.
Lietaer B
Les monnaies complémentaires à la rescousse d'un système instable Journal Article
In: Politique Internationale, vol. 151, iss. 1, pp. 49-61, 2016.
@article{Lietaer2016a,
title = {Les monnaies complémentaires à la rescousse d'un système instable},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2016-Les-monnaies-complementaires-a-la-Rescousse-dun-systeme-instable-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Politique Internationale},
volume = {151},
issue = {1},
pages = {49-61},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
5.
Lietaer B
Complementary Currencies to the Rescue of an Unstable System Journal Article
In: Politique Internationale, vol. 151, iss. Spring, pp. 45-55, 2016.
@article{Lietaer2016b,
title = {Complementary Currencies to the Rescue of an Unstable System},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2016-Complementary-Currencies-to-the-Rescue-of-an-Unstable-System-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Politique Internationale},
volume = {151},
issue = {Spring},
pages = {45-55},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
6.
Stodder J; Lietaer B
The Macro-Stability of Swiss WIR-Bank Credits: Balance, Velocity, and Leverage Journal Article
In: Comparative Economic Studies 2016 58:4, vol. 58, iss. 4, pp. 570-605, 2016, ISSN: 1478-3320.
@article{Stodder2016,
title = {The Macro-Stability of Swiss WIR-Bank Credits: Balance, Velocity, and Leverage},
author = {James Stodder and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41294-016-0001-5
https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2016-The-Macro-Stability-of-Swiss-WIR-Bank-Credits-Balance-Velocity-and-Leverage-Stodder-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.1057/S41294-016-0001-5},
issn = {1478-3320},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Comparative Economic Studies 2016 58:4},
volume = {58},
issue = {4},
pages = {570-605},
publisher = {Palgrave},
abstract = {Since 1934, the Swiss Wirtschaftsring/Cercle Économique (Economic Circle), now the WIR-Bank, has issued its own currency, not backed by Swiss Francs. Turnover in WIR is countercyclical: firms use it more in a recession. A money-in-the-production-function model implies that this spending arises through larger WIR Balances for larger firms, but greater WIR Velocity for smaller ones. Panel data by industrial sector confirm this pattern, similar to commercial trade credits, a major source of non-bank credit. The countercyclical multiplier on WIR expenditures is highly leveraged, and its impact on the Swiss Economy greater than its turnover would suggest.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since 1934, the Swiss Wirtschaftsring/Cercle Économique (Economic Circle), now the WIR-Bank, has issued its own currency, not backed by Swiss Francs. Turnover in WIR is countercyclical: firms use it more in a recession. A money-in-the-production-function model implies that this spending arises through larger WIR Balances for larger firms, but greater WIR Velocity for smaller ones. Panel data by industrial sector confirm this pattern, similar to commercial trade credits, a major source of non-bank credit. The countercyclical multiplier on WIR expenditures is highly leveraged, and its impact on the Swiss Economy greater than its turnover would suggest.
7.
Blandin B; Lietaer B
Mutual learning: a systemic increase in learning efficiency to prepare for the challenges of the twenty-first century Journal Article
In: AI & SOCIETY 2012 28:3, vol. 28, iss. 3, pp. 329-338, 2012, ISSN: 1435-5655.
@article{Blandin2012,
title = {Mutual learning: a systemic increase in learning efficiency to prepare for the challenges of the twenty-first century},
author = {Bernard Blandin and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-012-0427-xhttps://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2012-Mutual-learning-a-systemic-increase-in-learning-efficiency-to-prepare-for-the-challenges-of-the-twenty-first-century-Blandin-L-annotated.pdfhttps://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2012-Mutual-learning-a-systemic-increase-in-learning-efficiency-to-prepare-for-the-challenges-of-the-twenty-first-century-Blandin-L-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/S00146-012-0427-X},
issn = {1435-5655},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
urldate = {2012-01-01},
journal = {AI & SOCIETY 2012 28:3},
volume = {28},
issue = {3},
pages = {329-338},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {One of the few certainties we have about our collective future is that it will require a massive amount of learning, by just about everybody, everywhere. The time for generating as many creative and collaborative knowledge builders has come. Therefore, improving the efficiency of learning could very well become a key leverage point for successfully meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century. This paper explores the possibilities of using mutual learning as a systemic means to improve learning efficiencies. This is measured through three different metrics: (1) the time required to learn, (2) the quantity of learning that is retained over time, and (3) the leveraging of the cost of scholarships through the use of a complementary currency designed to track and encourage mutual learning. In all three metrics, mutual learning is shown as an important approach to increase the effectiveness of learning and, at the very least, can be an adjunct to the conventional educational methods. Mutual learning could apply not only to learning among peers, but also to social, intergenerational, or intercultural mutual learning.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
One of the few certainties we have about our collective future is that it will require a massive amount of learning, by just about everybody, everywhere. The time for generating as many creative and collaborative knowledge builders has come. Therefore, improving the efficiency of learning could very well become a key leverage point for successfully meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century. This paper explores the possibilities of using mutual learning as a systemic means to improve learning efficiencies. This is measured through three different metrics: (1) the time required to learn, (2) the quantity of learning that is retained over time, and (3) the leveraging of the cost of scholarships through the use of a complementary currency designed to track and encourage mutual learning. In all three metrics, mutual learning is shown as an important approach to increase the effectiveness of learning and, at the very least, can be an adjunct to the conventional educational methods. Mutual learning could apply not only to learning among peers, but also to social, intergenerational, or intercultural mutual learning.
8.
Zutter J; Lietaer B
Je kunt een doctoraat hebben in economie en nooit weten wat geld is Journal Article
In: Sampol, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 50-61, 2012.
@article{nokey,
title = {Je kunt een doctoraat hebben in economie en nooit weten wat geld is},
author = {Jan Zutter and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/sampol-2012.pdf},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
urldate = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Sampol},
volume = {19},
issue = {1},
pages = {50-61},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
9.
Lietaer B; Ulanowicz R E; Goerner S J; McLaren N
Is Our Monetary Structure a Systemic Cause for Financial Instability? Evidence and Remedies from Nature Journal Article
In: Journal of Futures Studies, vol. 14, iss. 3, pp. 89-108, 2010, ISSN: 10276084.
@article{Lietaer2010b,
title = {Is Our Monetary Structure a Systemic Cause for Financial Instability? Evidence and Remedies from Nature},
author = {Bernard Lietaer and Robert E. Ulanowicz and Sally J. Goerner and Nadia McLaren},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2010-Is-Our-Monetary-Structure-a-Systemic-Cause-for-Financial-Instability-Evidence-and-Remedies-from-Nature-Lietaer-et-al-annotated.pdf},
issn = {10276084},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
urldate = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Futures Studies},
volume = {14},
issue = {3},
pages = {89-108},
abstract = {Fundamental laws govern all complex flow systems, including natural ecosystems, economic and financial systems. Natural ecosystems are practical exemplars of sustainability: enduring, vital, adaptive. The sustainability of any complex flow system can be measured with a single metric as an emergent property of its structural diversity and interconnectivity; it requires a balance in emphasis between efficiency and resilience. The urgent message for economics from nature is that the monoculture of national currencies, justified on the basis of market efficiency, generates structural instability in our global financial system. Economic sustainability therefore requires diversification in types of currencies, specifically through complementary currencies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fundamental laws govern all complex flow systems, including natural ecosystems, economic and financial systems. Natural ecosystems are practical exemplars of sustainability: enduring, vital, adaptive. The sustainability of any complex flow system can be measured with a single metric as an emergent property of its structural diversity and interconnectivity; it requires a balance in emphasis between efficiency and resilience. The urgent message for economics from nature is that the monoculture of national currencies, justified on the basis of market efficiency, generates structural instability in our global financial system. Economic sustainability therefore requires diversification in types of currencies, specifically through complementary currencies.
10.
Giarini O; Jacobs G; Lietaer B; Šlaus I
Introductory Paper for a Programme on The Wealth of Nations Revisited Journal Article
In: Cadmus, vol. 1, iss. 1, pp. 9-27, 2010.
@article{Giarini2010,
title = {Introductory Paper for a Programme on The Wealth of Nations Revisited},
author = {Orio Giarini and Garry Jacobs and Bernard Lietaer and Ivo Šlaus},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2010-Introductory-Paper-for-a-Programme-on-The-Wealth-of-Nations-Revisited-Giarini-et-al-annotated.pdf},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
urldate = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Cadmus},
volume = {1},
issue = {1},
pages = {9-27},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
11.
Ulanowicz R E; Goerner S J; Lietaer B; Gomez R
Quantifying sustainability: Resilience, efficiency and the return of information theory Journal Article
In: Ecological Complexity, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 27-36, 2009, ISSN: 1476945X.
@article{Ulanowicz2009,
title = {Quantifying sustainability: Resilience, efficiency and the return of information theory},
author = {Robert E. Ulanowicz and Sally J. Goerner and Bernard Lietaer and Rocio Gomez},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1476945X08000561https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2009-Quantifying-sustainability-Resilience-efficiency-and-the-return-of-information-theory-Ulanowicz-et-al-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecocom.2008.10.005},
issn = {1476945X},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
urldate = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Complexity},
volume = {6},
issue = {1},
pages = {27-36},
abstract = {Contemporary science is preoccupied with that which exists; it rarely accounts for what is missing. But often the key to a system's persistence lies with information concerning lacunae. Information theory (IT), predicated as it is on the indeterminacies of existence, constitutes a natural tool for quantifying the beneficial reserves that lacunae can afford a system in its response to disturbance. In the format of IT, unutilized reserve capacity is complementary to the effective performance of the system, and too little of either attribute can render a system unsustainable. The fundamental calculus of IT provides a uniform way to quantify both essential attributes - effective performance and reserve capacity - and results in a single metric that gauges system sustainability (robustness) in terms of the tradeoff allotment of each. Furthermore, the same mathematics allows one to identify the domain of robust balance as delimited to a "window of vitality" that circumscribes sustainable behavior in ecosystems. Sensitivity analysis on this robustness function with respect to each individual component process quantifies the value of that link "at the margin", i.e., how much each unit of that process contributes to moving the system towards its most sustainable configuration. The analysis provides heretofore missing theoretical justification for efforts to preserve biodiversity whenever systems have become too streamlined and efficient. Similar considerations should apply as well to economic systems, where fostering diversity among economic processes and currencies appears warranted in the face of over-development. textcopyright 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Contemporary science is preoccupied with that which exists; it rarely accounts for what is missing. But often the key to a system's persistence lies with information concerning lacunae. Information theory (IT), predicated as it is on the indeterminacies of existence, constitutes a natural tool for quantifying the beneficial reserves that lacunae can afford a system in its response to disturbance. In the format of IT, unutilized reserve capacity is complementary to the effective performance of the system, and too little of either attribute can render a system unsustainable. The fundamental calculus of IT provides a uniform way to quantify both essential attributes - effective performance and reserve capacity - and results in a single metric that gauges system sustainability (robustness) in terms of the tradeoff allotment of each. Furthermore, the same mathematics allows one to identify the domain of robust balance as delimited to a "window of vitality" that circumscribes sustainable behavior in ecosystems. Sensitivity analysis on this robustness function with respect to each individual component process quantifies the value of that link "at the margin", i.e., how much each unit of that process contributes to moving the system towards its most sustainable configuration. The analysis provides heretofore missing theoretical justification for efforts to preserve biodiversity whenever systems have become too streamlined and efficient. Similar considerations should apply as well to economic systems, where fostering diversity among economic processes and currencies appears warranted in the face of over-development. textcopyright 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
12.
Lietaer B; Ulanowicz R E; Goerner S J
Options for managing a systemic bank crisis Journal Article
In: Sapiens, vol. 2, iss. 1, pp. 1-15, 2009, ISSN: 1993-3819.
@article{Lietaer2009,
title = {Options for managing a systemic bank crisis},
author = {Bernard Lietaer and Robert E. Ulanowicz and Sally J. Goerner},
url = {http://sapiens.revues.org/747https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2009-Options-for-managing-a-systemic-bank-crisis-Lietaer-Ulanowicz-Goerner2-annotated.pdf},
issn = {1993-3819},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
urldate = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Sapiens},
volume = {2},
issue = {1},
pages = {1-15},
abstract = {The on-going financial crisis results not from a cyclical or managerial failure, but from a structural one: more than 96 other major banking crises occurred over the past 20 years, and these crashes have happened under very different regulatory systems and at different stages of economic development. So far, conventional solutions are being applied?nationalization of the problem assets (as in the original Paulson bailout) or nationalization of the banks (as in Europe). These solutions only deal with the symptoms and not the systemic cause of today?s banking crisis. Similarly, the financial re-regulation that will be on everybody?s political agenda will, at best, reduce the frequency of such crises, but not avoid their re-occurrence. Better solutions are urgently needed because the last breakdown of this magnitude, the Great Depression of the 1930s, ended up in a wave of fascism and World War II. In this paper, we describe a recent conceptual breakthrough?based on the functioning of balanced ecosystems? that shows that all complex systems, including our monetary and financial ones, become structurally unstable whenever efficiency is overemphasized at the expense of diversity, interconnectivity and the crucial resilience they provide. The surprising insight from a systemic perspective is that sustainable vitality involves diversifying the types of currencies and institutions and introducing new ones that are designed specifically to increase the availability of money in its prime function as a medium of exchange, rather than for savings or speculation. Additionally, these currencies are expressly designed to link unused resources with unmet needs within a community, region or country. These currencies are know as complementary because they do not replace the conventional national money, but rather, operate in parallel with it. We propose that a systemic understanding and technical solution are now available that would ensure that such crashes become a phenomenon of the past. The most effective way for governments to support such a strategy of a more diverse and sustainable monetary ecology would be to accept a well-designed, robust complementary currency in partial payment of taxes during a period when banks are not in a position to fully finance the real economy. The choice of a complementary currency reflects both a technical issue (robustness and resilience against fraud) and a political one (what type of programs are desirable to support). A good candidate for consideration would be a professionally run business-to-business (B2B) complementary currency based on the model of the WIR system. This currency has been successfully operational for 75 years in Switzerland, involving a quarter of all the businesses in that country. Formal econometric analysis has proven that the WIR acts as a significant counter-cyclical stabilizing factor that explains the proverbial long-standing stability of the Swiss economy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The on-going financial crisis results not from a cyclical or managerial failure, but from a structural one: more than 96 other major banking crises occurred over the past 20 years, and these crashes have happened under very different regulatory systems and at different stages of economic development. So far, conventional solutions are being applied?nationalization of the problem assets (as in the original Paulson bailout) or nationalization of the banks (as in Europe). These solutions only deal with the symptoms and not the systemic cause of today?s banking crisis. Similarly, the financial re-regulation that will be on everybody?s political agenda will, at best, reduce the frequency of such crises, but not avoid their re-occurrence. Better solutions are urgently needed because the last breakdown of this magnitude, the Great Depression of the 1930s, ended up in a wave of fascism and World War II. In this paper, we describe a recent conceptual breakthrough?based on the functioning of balanced ecosystems? that shows that all complex systems, including our monetary and financial ones, become structurally unstable whenever efficiency is overemphasized at the expense of diversity, interconnectivity and the crucial resilience they provide. The surprising insight from a systemic perspective is that sustainable vitality involves diversifying the types of currencies and institutions and introducing new ones that are designed specifically to increase the availability of money in its prime function as a medium of exchange, rather than for savings or speculation. Additionally, these currencies are expressly designed to link unused resources with unmet needs within a community, region or country. These currencies are know as complementary because they do not replace the conventional national money, but rather, operate in parallel with it. We propose that a systemic understanding and technical solution are now available that would ensure that such crashes become a phenomenon of the past. The most effective way for governments to support such a strategy of a more diverse and sustainable monetary ecology would be to accept a well-designed, robust complementary currency in partial payment of taxes during a period when banks are not in a position to fully finance the real economy. The choice of a complementary currency reflects both a technical issue (robustness and resilience against fraud) and a political one (what type of programs are desirable to support). A good candidate for consideration would be a professionally run business-to-business (B2B) complementary currency based on the model of the WIR system. This currency has been successfully operational for 75 years in Switzerland, involving a quarter of all the businesses in that country. Formal econometric analysis has proven that the WIR acts as a significant counter-cyclical stabilizing factor that explains the proverbial long-standing stability of the Swiss economy.
13.
Goerner S J; Lietaer B; Ulanowicz R E
Quantifying economic sustainability: Implications for free-enterprise theory, policy and practice Journal Article
In: Ecological Economics, vol. 69, iss. 1, pp. 76-81, 2009, ISSN: 09218009.
@article{Goerner2009,
title = {Quantifying economic sustainability: Implications for free-enterprise theory, policy and practice},
author = {Sally J. Goerner and Bernard Lietaer and Robert E. Ulanowicz},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800909003085https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2009-Quantifying-economic-sustainability-Implications-for-free-enterprise-theory-policy-and-practice-Goerner-Lietaer-Ulanowicz-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.07.018},
issn = {09218009},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
urldate = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
volume = {69},
issue = {1},
pages = {76-81},
abstract = {In a previous paper (Ulanowicz, Goerner, Lietaer, and Gomez, 2009), we combined thermodynamic, network, and information theoretic measures with research on real-life ecosystems to create a generalized, quantitative measure of sustainability for any complex, matter/energy flow system. The current paper explores how this metric and its related concepts can be used to provide a new narrative for long-term economic health and sustainability. Based on a system's ability to maintain a crucial balance between two equally essential, but complementary factors, resilience and efficiency, this generic explanation of the network structure needed to maintain long-term robustness provides the missing theoretical explanation for what constitutes healthy development and the mathematical means to differentiate it quantitatively from mere growth. Matching long-standing observations of sustainable vitality in natural ecosystems and living organisms, the result is a much clearer, more accurate understanding of the conditions needed for free-enterprise networks to produce the kind of sustainable vitality everyone desires, one which enhances and reliably maintains the health and well-being of all levels of global civilization as well as the planet. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In a previous paper (Ulanowicz, Goerner, Lietaer, and Gomez, 2009), we combined thermodynamic, network, and information theoretic measures with research on real-life ecosystems to create a generalized, quantitative measure of sustainability for any complex, matter/energy flow system. The current paper explores how this metric and its related concepts can be used to provide a new narrative for long-term economic health and sustainability. Based on a system's ability to maintain a crucial balance between two equally essential, but complementary factors, resilience and efficiency, this generic explanation of the network structure needed to maintain long-term robustness provides the missing theoretical explanation for what constitutes healthy development and the mathematical means to differentiate it quantitatively from mere growth. Matching long-standing observations of sustainable vitality in natural ecosystems and living organisms, the result is a much clearer, more accurate understanding of the conditions needed for free-enterprise networks to produce the kind of sustainable vitality everyone desires, one which enhances and reliably maintains the health and well-being of all levels of global civilization as well as the planet. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
14.
Ulanowicz R E; Goerner S J; Lietaer B; Gomez R
Quantifying Sustainability: Appendix D Journal Article
In: Ecological Complexity, vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 27-36, 2009.
@article{Ulanowicz2009a,
title = {Quantifying Sustainability: Appendix D},
author = {Robert E. Ulanowicz and Sally J. Goerner and Bernard Lietaer and Rocio Gomez},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2009-Quantifying-Sustainability-Appendix-D-Ulanowicz-et-al-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.4018/978-1-60960-531-5.ch004},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
urldate = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Complexity},
volume = {6},
issue = {1},
pages = {27-36},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
15.
Groussin T; Lietaer B
Changez la monnaie, vous changez la relation Journal Article
In: Transitions, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 8-12, 2009.
@article{Groussin2009,
title = {Changez la monnaie, vous changez la relation},
author = {Thierry Groussin and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/transitions-2009.pdf},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
urldate = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Transitions},
volume = {2},
issue = {2},
pages = {8-12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
16.
Ardron M; Lietaer B
Complementary Currency Innovation: self-guarantee in peer-to-peer currencies Journal Article
In: International Journal of Community Currency Research, vol. 10, pp. 1-7, 2006.
@article{Ardron2006,
title = {Complementary Currency Innovation: self-guarantee in peer-to-peer currencies},
author = {Mitra Ardron and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2006-Complementary-Currency-Innovation-self-guarantee-in-peer-to-peer-currencies-Ardron-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Community Currency Research},
volume = {10},
pages = {1-7},
abstract = {The WAT system, as used in Japan, allows for businesses to issue their own tickets (IOU's) which can circulate as a complementary currency within a community. This paper proposes a variation on that model, where the issuer of a ticket can offer a guarantee, in the form of some goods or services. The difference in value, along with a reasonable acceptance that the issuer is capable of delivering the service or goods, allows for a higher degree of confidence in the ticket, and therefore a greater liquidity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The WAT system, as used in Japan, allows for businesses to issue their own tickets (IOU's) which can circulate as a complementary currency within a community. This paper proposes a variation on that model, where the issuer of a ticket can offer a guarantee, in the form of some goods or services. The difference in value, along with a reasonable acceptance that the issuer is capable of delivering the service or goods, allows for a higher degree of confidence in the ticket, and therefore a greater liquidity.
17.
Lietaer B
A Proposal for a Brazilian Education Complementary Currency Journal Article
In: International Journal of Community Currency Research, vol. 10, pp. 18-23, 2006.
@article{Lietaer2006a,
title = {A Proposal for a Brazilian Education Complementary Currency},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2006-A-Proposal-for-a-Brazilian-Education-Complementary-Currency-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Community Currency Research},
volume = {10},
pages = {18-23},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
18.
Hudon M; Lietaer B
"Natural savings": a new microsavings product for inflationary environments. - How to save forests with savings for and by the poor? Journal Article
In: Savings and Development, vol. 30, iss. 4, pp. 357-380, 2006, ISSN: 03934551.
@article{Hudon2006,
title = {"Natural savings": a new microsavings product for inflationary environments. - How to save forests with savings for and by the poor?},
author = {Marek Hudon and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/25830941},
issn = {03934551},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Savings and Development},
volume = {30},
issue = {4},
pages = {357-380},
abstract = {Decentralized sustainable resource management in developing countries is important both from a poverty-reduction and an ecological viewpoint. At the same time, no financial instrument is available that enables small savings to be protected against the vagaries of monetary instabilities and inflation. This paper proposes a solution that would address all three issues simultaneously: an inflation-proof savings instrument, fully backed by the organic growth process of a local resource, which at the same time gives a market-based financial incentive to protect that natural resource. A specific example involving sustainable forestry plantations in the Third World is provided.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Decentralized sustainable resource management in developing countries is important both from a poverty-reduction and an ecological viewpoint. At the same time, no financial instrument is available that enables small savings to be protected against the vagaries of monetary instabilities and inflation. This paper proposes a solution that would address all three issues simultaneously: an inflation-proof savings instrument, fully backed by the organic growth process of a local resource, which at the same time gives a market-based financial incentive to protect that natural resource. A specific example involving sustainable forestry plantations in the Third World is provided.
19.
Lietaer B
Währungsinnovationen als riskoreduzierende Anreizsysteme Journal Article
In: NET, vol. 12, pp. 79-88, 2006, ISBN: 3-033-00131-9.
@article{Lietaer2006g,
title = {Währungsinnovationen als riskoreduzierende Anreizsysteme},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/GCN-NET-12-06.pdf},
isbn = {3-033-00131-9},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
journal = {NET},
volume = {12},
pages = {79-88},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
20.
Lietaer B
The Future of Global Economy - The Terra Currency Journal Article
In: Humanitad, vol. 1, iss. 1, pp. 30-36, 2006.
@article{Lietaer2006h,
title = {The Future of Global Economy - The Terra Currency},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Humantad-2006.pdf},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
urldate = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Humanitad},
volume = {1},
issue = {1},
pages = {30-36},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
21.
Brunnhuber S; Lietaer B
Economics as an Evolutionary System - Psychological Development and Economic Behaviour Journal Article
In: Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, vol. 2, pp. 113–139, 2005.
@article{Brunnhuber2005,
title = {Economics as an Evolutionary System - Psychological Development and Economic Behaviour},
author = {Stefan Brunnhuber and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://doi.org/10.14441/eier.2.113},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
urldate = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review},
volume = {2},
pages = {113–139},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
22.
Lietaer B
Une Vue Intégrale sur la Monnaie et les Crashs Financiers Journal Article
In: 2005.
@article{Lietaer2005b,
title = {Une Vue Intégrale sur la Monnaie et les Crashs Financiers},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2005-Une-Vue-Integrale-sur-la-Monnaie-et-les-Crashs-Financiers-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
urldate = {2005-01-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
23.
Lietaer B
Complementary currencies in Japan today: History, originality and relevance Journal Article
In: International Journal of Community Currency Research, vol. 8, pp. 1-23, 2004.
@article{Lietaer2004,
title = {Complementary currencies in Japan today: History, originality and relevance},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2004-Complementary-currencies-in-Japan-today-History-originality-and-relevance-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
urldate = {2004-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Community Currency Research},
volume = {8},
pages = {1-23},
abstract = {Since 1995 the number of experiments with complementary currencies in Japan has exploded. Not only is Japan the country in the world with the most systems in operation today, but also the nation with the greatest diversity of such experiments. The aim of this paper is to bring to light the strata of the heterogeneous Japanese schools of complementary currencies, and describe how they relate to each other. It provides a description of the different models used in each school, as well as their numbers and locations. Finally, the most original models are highlighted, and the relevance of these experiments for the rest of the world is evaluated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since 1995 the number of experiments with complementary currencies in Japan has exploded. Not only is Japan the country in the world with the most systems in operation today, but also the nation with the greatest diversity of such experiments. The aim of this paper is to bring to light the strata of the heterogeneous Japanese schools of complementary currencies, and describe how they relate to each other. It provides a description of the different models used in each school, as well as their numbers and locations. Finally, the most original models are highlighted, and the relevance of these experiments for the rest of the world is evaluated.
24.
Lietaer B; Brunnhuber S
Beyond Meadows - The Money-System as the Overlooked Connection towards a Sustainable Future Journal Article
In: Shiga Anals, pp. 93-108, 2004.
@article{Lietaer2004b,
title = {Beyond Meadows - The Money-System as the Overlooked Connection towards a Sustainable Future},
author = {Bernard Lietaer and Stefan Brunnhuber},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2004-Beyond-Meadows-The-Money-System-as-the-Overlooked-Connection-towards-a-Sustainable-Future-Lietaer-Brunnhuber-annotated.pdf},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
urldate = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Shiga Anals},
pages = {93-108},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
25.
Lietaer B; DeMeulenaere S
Sustaining cultural vitality in a globalizing world: the Balinese example Journal Article
In: International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 30, iss. 9, pp. 967-984, 2003, ISSN: 0306-8293.
@article{Lietaer2003a,
title = {Sustaining cultural vitality in a globalizing world: the Balinese example},
author = {Bernard Lietaer and Stephen DeMeulenaere},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2003-Sustaining-cultural-vitality-in-a-globalizing-world-the-Balinese-example-Lietaer-Meulenaere-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.1108/03068290310487531},
issn = {0306-8293},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
urldate = {2003-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Social Economics},
volume = {30},
issue = {9},
pages = {967-984},
abstract = {It is generally accepted that massive tourism and a vibrant indigenous culture are mutually exclusive. Bali has so far proven to be an exception to this rule. This article explores a hitherto overlooked socio-economic mechanism behind that exception. It is a dual complementary currency system used for centuries by highly decentralized and democratic decision-making organizations. The reasons why such a dual currency system is so effective in mobilizing popular cultural creativity is investigated, and a systems framework is proposed to determine the conditions under which this model could be applicable outside of Bali. This framework is then tested with a second case study: traditional shell currencies in Papua New Guinea. Finally, some potential applications in areas in the world other than traditional cultures are portrayed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is generally accepted that massive tourism and a vibrant indigenous culture are mutually exclusive. Bali has so far proven to be an exception to this rule. This article explores a hitherto overlooked socio-economic mechanism behind that exception. It is a dual complementary currency system used for centuries by highly decentralized and democratic decision-making organizations. The reasons why such a dual currency system is so effective in mobilizing popular cultural creativity is investigated, and a systems framework is proposed to determine the conditions under which this model could be applicable outside of Bali. This framework is then tested with a second case study: traditional shell currencies in Papua New Guinea. Finally, some potential applications in areas in the world other than traditional cultures are portrayed.
26.
Lietaer B
A World in Balance? Journal Article
In: Reflections: The SoL Journal, vol. 4, iss. 4, pp. 6-16, 2003, ISSN: 15360148.
@article{Lietaer2003,
title = {A World in Balance?},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {http://www.ingentaselect.com/rpsv/cgi-bin/cgi?ini=xref&body=linker&reqdoi=10.1162/152417303322004157https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2003-A-World-in-Balance-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
doi = {10.1162/152417303322004157},
issn = {15360148},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
urldate = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Reflections: The SoL Journal},
volume = {4},
issue = {4},
pages = {6-16},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
27.
Brunnhuber S; Lietaer B
Bewusstsein und Geld - Ein Beitrag zu einer evolutionären Ökonomie Journal Article
In: Zeitschrift für Sozialökonomie, vol. 40, iss. 136, pp. 21-22, 2003, ISSN: 0721-0752.
@article{Brunnhuber2003,
title = {Bewusstsein und Geld - Ein Beitrag zu einer evolutionären Ökonomie},
author = {Stefan Brunnhuber and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://www.sozialoekonomie-online.de/archiv/zfsoe-online-archiv-folge-136-143.html
https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Brunnhuber-Lietaer-ZfSOe-136-komplett.pdf},
issn = {0721-0752},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
urldate = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Zeitschrift für Sozialökonomie},
volume = {40},
issue = {136},
pages = {21-22},
abstract = {Veränderungen in der Bewusstseinsentwicklung verlaufen häufig in ab-grenzbaren Sequenzen, welche man als präkon-ventionell, konventionell und postkonventionellbeschreiben kann. Jede dieser Ebenen ist durchspezifische Aspekte in der Selbststruktur, desDenkens, des Affektapparats und der kommuni-kativen Fähigkeiten gekennzeichnet. Wenn mannun die geschichtliche Entwicklung ökonomi-scher Systeme und hier insbesondere die Geld-wirtschaft innerhalb dieser Sequenz betrachtet,wird der aktuelle Stand der ökonomischen Modell-bildung sichtbar und zugleich kann eine möglicheEntwicklung im Hinblick auf eine Wissensökono-mie aufgezeigt werden.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Veränderungen in der Bewusstseinsentwicklung verlaufen häufig in ab-grenzbaren Sequenzen, welche man als präkon-ventionell, konventionell und postkonventionellbeschreiben kann. Jede dieser Ebenen ist durchspezifische Aspekte in der Selbststruktur, desDenkens, des Affektapparats und der kommuni-kativen Fähigkeiten gekennzeichnet. Wenn mannun die geschichtliche Entwicklung ökonomi-scher Systeme und hier insbesondere die Geld-wirtschaft innerhalb dieser Sequenz betrachtet,wird der aktuelle Stand der ökonomischen Modell-bildung sichtbar und zugleich kann eine möglicheEntwicklung im Hinblick auf eine Wissensökono-mie aufgezeigt werden.
28.
"René Bartiral (Bernard Lietaer)" ; Wessel S
Möglicher Beitrag der Geobiologie Journal Article
In: Planet Alpen, vol. 3, iss. 3, pp. 122-137, 2002.
@article{Wessel2002,
title = {Möglicher Beitrag der Geobiologie},
author = {"René Bartiral (Bernard Lietaer)" and Sonja Wessel},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2002-Moglicher-Beitrag-der-Geobiologie-Lietaer-Wessel-annotated.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
urldate = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Planet Alpen},
volume = {3},
issue = {3},
pages = {122-137},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
29.
Lietaer B
Schwarze Madonnen Journal Article
In: Tattva Viveka, vol. 17, pp. 48-58, 2002.
@article{Lietaer2002,
title = {Schwarze Madonnen},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2002-Schwarze-Madonnen-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
urldate = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Tattva Viveka},
volume = {17},
pages = {48-58},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
30.
Lietaer B
Community Currencies: A New Tool for the 21st Century Journal Article
In: World Business Academy Perspectives, vol. 8, iss. 2, pp. 80-99, 1994.
@article{Lietaer1994,
title = {Community Currencies: A New Tool for the 21st Century},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1994-Community-Currencies-A-New-Tool-for-the-21st-Century-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {1994},
date = {1994-01-01},
urldate = {1994-01-01},
journal = {World Business Academy Perspectives},
volume = {8},
issue = {2},
pages = {80-99},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
31.
Lietaer B
A "Green" Convertible Currency Journal Article
In: World Business Academy Perspectives, vol. 6, iss. 3, pp. 41-49, 1992.
@article{Lietaer1992,
title = {A "Green" Convertible Currency},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1992-A-Green-Convertible-Currency-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {1992},
date = {1992-01-01},
urldate = {1992-01-01},
journal = {World Business Academy Perspectives},
volume = {6},
issue = {3},
pages = {41-49},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
32.
Lietaer B
A Strategy for a Convertible Currency Journal Article
In: ICIS Forum (International Center for Integrative Studies), vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 59-72, 1990.
@article{Lietaer1990,
title = {A Strategy for a Convertible Currency},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {http://www.itk.ntnu.no/ansatte/Andresen_Trond/finans/others/ interest-free-money.txt%0AAhttps://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1990-A-Strategy-for-a-Convertible-Currency-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
urldate = {1990-01-01},
journal = {ICIS Forum (International Center for Integrative Studies)},
volume = {20},
issue = {3},
pages = {59-72},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
33.
"René Bartiral (Bernard Lietaer)"
Le tracé harmonique ou le secret de chavin Journal Article
In: Kadath, vol. 48, pp. 22-34, 1982.
@article{Bartiral1982,
title = {Le tracé harmonique ou le secret de chavin},
author = {"René Bartiral (Bernard Lietaer)"},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1982-Le-trace-harmonique-ou-le-secret-de-chavin-Rene-de-Bartiral-Bernard-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {1982},
date = {1982-01-01},
urldate = {1982-01-01},
journal = {Kadath},
volume = {48},
pages = {22-34},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
34.
Lietaer B
Brrr...ussel, uit de diepvrieskast? Journal Article
In: Kultuurleven, vol. 49, iss. 5, pp. 375-379, 1982.
@article{Lietaer1982,
title = {Brrr...ussel, uit de diepvrieskast?},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1982-Brrr...ussel-uit-de-diepvrieskast-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {1982},
date = {1982-01-01},
urldate = {1982-01-01},
journal = {Kultuurleven},
volume = {49},
issue = {5},
pages = {375-379},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
35.
Lumbreras L; Gonzalez C; Lietaer B
Un Temple Acoustique au XIXe siècle avant J.-C. Journal Article
In: Kadath, vol. 48, pp. 9-18, 1982.
@article{Lumbreras1982,
title = {Un Temple Acoustique au XIXe siècle avant J.-C.},
author = {Luis Lumbreras and Chacho Gonzalez and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/1982-Le-trace-harmonique-ou-le-secret-de-chavin-Rene-de-Bartiral-Bernard-Lietaer-annotated.pdf},
year = {1982},
date = {1982-01-01},
urldate = {1982-01-01},
journal = {Kadath},
volume = {48},
pages = {9-18},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
36.
Lietaer B
A planning model for underground mines - An application in a developing country Journal Article
In: Omega, vol. 5, iss. 2, pp. 149-159, 1977, ISSN: 0305-0483.
@article{Lietaer1977,
title = {A planning model for underground mines - An application in a developing country},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0305048377900986?via%3Dihub},
doi = {10.1016/0305-0483(77)90098-6},
issn = {0305-0483},
year = {1977},
date = {1977-01-01},
urldate = {1977-01-01},
journal = {Omega},
volume = {5},
issue = {2},
pages = {149-159},
publisher = {Pergamon},
abstract = {This paper describes the planning of an underground mine using linear programming. The objective of the plan was to determine the optimal schedule of mining works to be performed in order to maximise the contribution to the company over a specified time horizon. Details of these mining works, and also the decision variables used in the model are included in the paper. The model is now being used operationally in the Casapalca mine, and is being extended to the other mines of the company. © 1977.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper describes the planning of an underground mine using linear programming. The objective of the plan was to determine the optimal schedule of mining works to be performed in order to maximise the contribution to the company over a specified time horizon. Details of these mining works, and also the decision variables used in the model are included in the paper. The model is now being used operationally in the Casapalca mine, and is being extended to the other mines of the company. © 1977.
37.
Lumbreras L; Lietaer B; Gonzalez C
Acerca de la Función del Sistema Hidraúlico de Chavin Journal Article
In: Investigaciones de Campo 2 - Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología de la Universidad de San Marcos, 1976.
@article{Lumbreras1976,
title = {Acerca de la Función del Sistema Hidraúlico de Chavin},
author = {Luis Lumbreras and Bernard Lietaer and Chacho Gonzalez},
year = {1976},
date = {1976-01-01},
urldate = {1976-01-01},
journal = {Investigaciones de Campo 2 - Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología de la Universidad de San Marcos},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
38.
Neave E H; Lietaer B
[Review] Financial Management of Foreign Exchange. Journal Article
In: The Journal of Finance, vol. 27, iss. 1, pp. 154, 1972, ISSN: 00221082.
@article{Neave1972,
title = {[Review] Financial Management of Foreign Exchange.},
author = {Edwin H. Neave and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2978528?origin=crossref},
doi = {10.2307/2978528},
issn = {00221082},
year = {1972},
date = {1972-01-01},
urldate = {1972-01-01},
journal = {The Journal of Finance},
volume = {27},
issue = {1},
pages = {154},
publisher = {JSTOR},
abstract = {The book represents an occasionally difficult, highly individualistic work. It is notable both for its originality in applying portfolio theory to foreign exchange problems, and for the difficulties the reader experiences with its style. Nevertheless, to this reviewer the book represents an important attempt, because of its application of well-known theoretical concepts, at enhancing communication between businessmen and academicians. Both corporate officers and scholars concerned with applying their theoretical knowledge to the solution of management problems should therefore find it of interest.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The book represents an occasionally difficult, highly individualistic work. It is notable both for its originality in applying portfolio theory to foreign exchange problems, and for the difficulties the reader experiences with its style. Nevertheless, to this reviewer the book represents an important attempt, because of its application of well-known theoretical concepts, at enhancing communication between businessmen and academicians. Both corporate officers and scholars concerned with applying their theoretical knowledge to the solution of management problems should therefore find it of interest.
39.
Ford J L; Lietaer B
[Review] Lietaer (B. A.). Financial Management of Foreign Exchange Journal Article
In: The Economic Journal, vol. 82, iss. 326, pp. 749-751, 1972, ISSN: 0013-0133.
@article{Ford1972,
title = {[Review] Lietaer (B. A.). Financial Management of Foreign Exchange},
author = {J. L. Ford and Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/ej/article/82/326/749/5233559},
doi = {10.2307/2230032},
issn = {0013-0133},
year = {1972},
date = {1972-01-01},
urldate = {1972-01-01},
journal = {The Economic Journal},
volume = {82},
issue = {326},
pages = {749-751},
publisher = {Oxford Academic},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
40.
Lietaer B
Prepare Your Company for Inflation Journal Article
In: Harvard Business Review, 1970.
@article{Lietaer1970a,
title = {Prepare Your Company for Inflation},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/HBR-Inflation.pdf},
year = {1970},
date = {1970-01-01},
urldate = {1970-01-01},
journal = {Harvard Business Review},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
41.
Lietaer B
Managing Risks in Foreign Exchange Journal Article
In: Harvard Business Review, vol. 12, iss. 3, pp. 25-26, 1970, ISSN: 1522-709X.
@article{Lietaer1970,
title = {Managing Risks in Foreign Exchange},
author = {Bernard Lietaer},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/tie.5060120314
https://bernard-lietaer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/HBR-Managing-Risk.pdf},
doi = {10.1002/TIE.5060120314},
issn = {1522-709X},
year = {1970},
date = {1970-01-01},
urldate = {1970-01-01},
journal = {Harvard Business Review},
volume = {12},
issue = {3},
pages = {25-26},
publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Ltd},
abstract = {Where purely monetary matters are concerned, it is the treasurer's duty to see that his company's financial activities abroad are arranged so that devaluation, should it occur, will not mean disaster. Most treasurers have relied on a seat-of-the-pants approach to making these arrangements. Now a computerized model is available that allows the treasurer of an international corporation to take a quick overview of all the many variables that are involved and come up with a highly rational strategy for hedging--one that is both safe and inexpensive, relatively speaking, for his company to follow. [Harvard Business Review Notice of Use Restrictions, May 2009 - Harvard Business Review and Harvard Business Publishing Newsletter content on EBSCOhost is licensed for the private individual use of authorized EBSCOhost users. It is not intended for use as assigned course material in academic institutions nor as corporate learning or training materials in businesses. Academic licensees may not use this content in electronic reserves, electronic course packs, persistent linking from syllabi or by any other means of incorporating the content into course resources. Business licensees may not host this content on learning management systems or use persistent linking or other means to incorporate the content into learning management systems. Harvard Business Publishing will be pleased to grant permission to make this content available through such means. For rates and permission, contact permissions@harvardbusiness.org. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Where purely monetary matters are concerned, it is the treasurer's duty to see that his company's financial activities abroad are arranged so that devaluation, should it occur, will not mean disaster. Most treasurers have relied on a seat-of-the-pants approach to making these arrangements. Now a computerized model is available that allows the treasurer of an international corporation to take a quick overview of all the many variables that are involved and come up with a highly rational strategy for hedging--one that is both safe and inexpensive, relatively speaking, for his company to follow. [Harvard Business Review Notice of Use Restrictions, May 2009 - Harvard Business Review and Harvard Business Publishing Newsletter content on EBSCOhost is licensed for the private individual use of authorized EBSCOhost users. It is not intended for use as assigned course material in academic institutions nor as corporate learning or training materials in businesses. Academic licensees may not use this content in electronic reserves, electronic course packs, persistent linking from syllabi or by any other means of incorporating the content into course resources. Business licensees may not host this content on learning management systems or use persistent linking or other means to incorporate the content into learning management systems. Harvard Business Publishing will be pleased to grant permission to make this content available through such means. For rates and permission, contact permissions@harvardbusiness.org. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)]